One of the first signs of an acid base problem is often a change in normal breathing patterns. Tic tac toe method arterial blood gas abg interpretation. As pao2 increases, more oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells, where it combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. Monitoring of acidbase balance is done by testing patients arterial blood gases abgs. Abgs made easy for nurses w tic tac toe method for. Arterial blood gases made easy, 2nd edition arterial blood gas abg analysis is a fundamental skill in modern medicine yet one which many find difficult to grasp. If arterial blood gases are taken it is also important to note the inspired. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces and mrcp paces this section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases. This video tutorial is on how to setup arterial blood gas problems using the tic tac toe method. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there. Calibrating gases and liquid buffers are combined to create a convenient reagent module containing singlephase calibrants. Students can work around the table, looking at ph, then co2 and then hco3 and find the answer in the correct box. Easybloodgas analzyer medica corporation blood gas.
Arterial blood gas case questions and answers in the space that follows you will find a series of cases that include arterial blood gases. When the ph is normal, it will be fully compensated. Indications, interpretations, and clinical applications m etabolic derangements and respiratory distress are common presenting problems in emergency medicine. Creative ways to teach arterial blood gas interpretation. It explains each component in turn followed by clinical examples to work through.
This article illustrates the use of the stepwise approach, tables, figures, case studies, illustrations, computerbased learning modules, and the tictactoe approach. Interpret the oxygenation state of a patient using the reported arterial blood gas pao2 value. There are many creative ways to teach arterial blood gas interpretation. The following recommendations are made following the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation scoring system. Request pdf on jan 1, 2007, i hennessey and others published arterial blood. An arterial blood gas, or abg for short, is a test that measures the blood levels of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and acidbase balance ph in the body. Identify the relationship between oxygen saturation and pao2 as it relates to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. We measure the concentration of two gases dissolved in the arterial blood. This book provides readers with the core background knowledge required to understand the abg, explains how it is used in clinical practice and provides a unique system for. However, the more complicated and in some ways more important part of abg analysis is ph regulation. Easy way on how to interpret arterial blood gases abgs with tic tac toe first, we need to lay the foundation and talk about what three lab values you need to look at when trying to figure out abgs, how to determine if that value is consider normal, an acid, or basic alkalotic, and what fancy terms are used once the abg is figured out. Arterial blood gasses, or abgs, may be among the most complex and confusing parts of nursing practice.
Blood gases made simple, easy and quick paperback october 8, 2007. This post was originally published on 81110 at respiratorytherapycave. Metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, combination of two or more acid base. Acidbase balance overview the ph is a measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of the blood.
Partial compensation ph is still abnormal, and the other value is abnormal in an. Arterial blood gases made easy pdf download free ebooks. Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky. The 6 easy steps to abg analysis are listed below for easy reference and will be explained in more detail in. Woodruff, msn, rnbc, cns, cmsrn, cen 6 easy steps to. Your doctor may run a blood gas analysis or arterial blood gas abg test if you are showing the signs of an oxygen, carbon dioxide, or ph imbalance such as confusion or difficulty breathing. I have also made an idcardsized version which can be easily used on the ward.
It measures the acidity ph and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. This website provides free medical books for all this website provides over 0 free medical books and more for all students and doctors this website the best choice for. Blood can be drawn via an arterial stick from the wrist, groin, or above the elbow. This excellent pocketsized handbook, which can be read at one sitting, is an object lesson in clarity. Arrows here is a rule to remember it will make sense in a minute.
Therefore, a basic understanding of how to interpret abg results can be useful for pharmacists to help them clarify the clinical picture. Over half of the book is devoted to thirty clinical case scenarios involving analysis of arterial blood gases, allowing the reader to gain both proficiency in interpretation and an appreciation of the role of an abg in guiding clinical diagnosis and management. Interpreting arterial blood gases abgs by michael greenlee for openpediatrics duration. This tictactoe technique involves a few charts to help you visualize abgs. If youre new here, you may want to subscribe to our rss feed. The results of abg testing will often influence the treatment that patients receive. When combined with a patients clinical features, blood gas analysis can facilitate diagnosis and management. All over the world nurses in icu use considerable time in drawing, documenting, reporting and interpreting blood gases. Arterial blood gas analysis requires a clear understanding of the terms used. The small footprint saves space and integrates easily into laboratory workflows. Learning objectives the clinician after participating in the roundtable will be able to. This book provides readers with the core background knowledge required to understand the abg, explains how it is used in clinical practice and provides a unique system for interpreting results.
Therefore, the 6 easy steps to abg analysis was developed to provide nurses with an accurate and systematic method of easily interpreting arterial blood gases. Partial compensation means that the ph is still abnormal. Fortunately, there are some easy ways to remember how to decipher these important lab results. Remember the partial pressure of a gas is just a way of measuring the concentration of that gas. As it is unable to combine with oxygen and it also decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. The test can measure how well the persons lungs and kidneys are working and how well the body is using energy. Its importance as a key tool in the workup of acutely unwell patients rivals that of the ecg and the chest xray. As you struggle to listen to the machine company representative talking about cleaning the machine. Most doctors struggle with arterial blood gas abg interpretation. Nutrition support specialist university of pittsburgh medical center pittsburgh, pa i. Arterial blood gas analysis plays an indispensable role in the assessment and management of patients with a huge range of acute medical and surgical problems. Fourstep method of interpreting arterial blood gas analysis 04 january, 2005 patients being cared for in general clinical areas are becoming sicker mcgloin et al, 1999 and sicker patients require more complex care and treatment department of health, 2002. One advantage of subscribing to rss feeds is that you dont have to constantly revisit this site to check for updates within specific sections you might be interested in because your browser or feed reader will do this for you automatically on a regular basis plus you can even get email.
Given that this can be difficult, there is a need for a simple algorithm for systematically handling each of the numbers in turn, as discussed below. Understanding arterial blood gases abgs nysna continuing. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. Arterial blood gas made easy slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Its a test that is used to assess how well oxygen is being distributed throughout the body and how well carbon dioxide is being removed. However, the femoral artery and brachial artery can be used if necessary. Arterial blood gases you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Patients are often required to be checked for arterial blood gas analysis to find what exactly is. Patients are often required to be checked for arterial blood gas analysis to find what exactly is happening in the body of patients system. We often encounter patients who are critically sick and need monitoring more than vitals like bp and pulse rate.
Arterial blood gas analysis plays an indispensable role in. A respiratory acidosis with a low shco3 would indicate a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis. This is a thoughtfully designed book, which is very pleasing to the eye and, in the best possible way, easy on the brain. Arterial blood gases abg results reflect underlying pathology and interpretation of the results are often compounded by ongoing disease processes and clinical interventions. An abg test is often done for a person who is in the hospital because of severe injury or illness. Determining acidbase imbalances from abgs arterial blood gases using the tictactac grid sorting of. Arterial blood gas interpretation made easy on meducation. Mar 31, 2008 arterial blood gas made easy slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Components of the arterial blood gas the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Respiratory metabolic if ph is v, co2 will be if ph is v, hco3 will be v if ph is, co2 will be v if ph is, hco3 will be therefore, for it to be a primary therefore, for it to be a primary metabolic respiratory condition, arrows will condition, the arrows will be in the same be in the opposite. The most important points when assessing a patient are the history, examination and basic observations. In this guide, we will teach you the eight 8 steps on how to interpret and analyze arterial blood gas abg results using the tictactoe method. Arterial blood gases made easy 2nd edition pdf for free. If the results are not understood right, or are wrongly interpreted, it can result in wrong diagnosis and end up in an inappropriate management of the patient.
Everyone can read an electrolyte level, but when faced with a list of abgs, most nurses wilt. Dec 05, 2009 arterial blood gases made easy 1204798448914025 4 1. This is a measure of the % of oxygen that is attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells. We need to consider the numerical results of the blood gas in relation to previous blood gases and take in to account the patients history. Blood for an abg test is taken from an artery whereas most other blood tests are done on a sample of blood taken from a vein. So looking at blood gases means looking at absolute values and patterns. The oxygen partial pressure pao2, the measurement of oxygen dissolved in the blood, is an important indicator of potential tissue oxygenation. The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood the pao2 and the partial pressure of co2 in the arterial blood the paco2. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is a fundamental skill in modern medicine yet one which many find difficult to grasp. May 23, 20 arterial blood gases printable handout arterial blood gases pdf blood gas worksheet checklist download pdf you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed. When we look at air, approximately 21% of it is made up of oxygen, 79% nitrogen, and a tiny fraction. Identify normal arterial blood gas values and interpret the meaning of abnormal. Mistakes in arterial blood gas abg interpretation are common in.
Unlike other blood tests, which are either high or low, abgs present the doctor with six numbers that need to be interpreted as one result. Interpretation of the arterial blood gas emergencypedia. Description of the book arterial blood gases made easy. In adults with adequate blood pressure the syringe will fill itself in patients with hypotension or children the syringe will need to be aspirated 39. Interpreting abgs arterial blood gases made easy ausmed.
This poster offers a basic level of understanding of abgs for medical students. The radial artery on the wrist is most commonly used to obtain the sample. May 12, 20 abgs made easy for nurses w tic tac toe method for arterial blood gas interpretation duration. Making sense of arterial blood gases nursing times. This is bicarbonate, a chemical buffer made in the kidneys to neutralize acids. Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance.
Interpretation of arterial blood gases abgs david a. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four atoms of iron and therefore can combine with four molecules of oxygen. Arterial blood gases made easy request pdf researchgate. Full compensation means that the ph is back to normal. An abg is a blood test that measures the acidity, or ph, and the levels of oxygen o2 and carbon dioxide co2 from an artery the test is used to check the function of the patients lungs and how well they are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide. Without knowing them, your patient could easily go.
Medicas easybloodgas offers traditional blood gas analysis in a new compact format. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Each case is then followed by an explanation of the acidbase status, the oxygenation status and a summary of the patients clinical picture. Now you will want to move on to abg interpretation made easy part ii and, once you have oxygenation mastered, now its time for some practice. Arterial blood gases made easy pdf free download epdf. The first covers basic physiology and concepts required for interpretation of blood gas results under four headings. Interpret the results of various arterial blood gas samples. Arterial blood gas analysis is a common investigation in emergency departments and intensive care units for monitoring patients with acute respiratory failure. Arterial blood gases abgs are measured in a laboratory test to determine the extent of compensation by the buffer system. Fourstep method of interpreting arterial blood gas. The arterial pressure will cause the blood to fill the syringe when you remove needle apply gauze swab and pressure to the site note. Hennessey i, japp a 2007 arterial blood gases made easy, elsevier. Interpreting an arterial blood gas abg is a crucial skill for physicians, nurses, respiratory. But it is often encountered that many students dont know how to read abg, and thats why we are providing arterial blood gas.
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